Navigating Romantic Relationships and Sexual Intimacy: Challenges and Opportunities for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer - A Literature Review of Qualitative Studies

Objective
This review explores the impact of cancer on adolescents' and young adults' (AYAs) romantic and sexual relationships, examining both challenges and opportunities.

Methods
Qualitative studies on AYAs with cancer and/or their partners were searched based on a sub-set of studies identified in a previous literature review within the EU Horizon STRONG-AYA project, and supplemented with an additional search on romantic/sexual relationships. Articles were screened, reviewed in Rayyan and data extracted using a structured framework. Study quality was appraised, and findings were synthesised thematically.

Results
Twenty studies were included. Findings revealed how cancer altered AYAs' sense of self, affecting the navigation of romantic relationships and sexual intimacy across four themes: (1) Romantic relationship development-connection, isolation and changing priorities: Disrupted romantic trajectories and fears of being undesirable hindered relationship formation, though some re-evaluated priorities, deepening emotional connections, (2) The disclosure dance: Finding the right time and way: AYAs struggled with when and how to disclose their diagnosis, with anxiety about burdening partners or altering dynamics. Open and honest communication fostered intimacy, (3) Body image, sexuality, intimacy, and fertility: Challenges in these areas impacted self-worth, but also led to sexual empowerment and adapted intimacy, (4) Partnerships and social support during cancer: Unsupportive partners heightened isolation, while supportive partners reinforced self-worth. Many AYAs experienced growth, resilience and a deeper understanding of themselves/their relationships.

Conclusion
Results may inform age-appropriate interventions to adequately address the unique challenges AYAs with cancer face in navigating romantic relationships and sexual intimacy.

Contributors

Nicole Collaço, Céline Bolliger, Charlotte Cairns, Samantha Sodergren, Olga Husson, Winette T. A. van der Graaf, Maria Rothmund-Grenier, Milou J. P. Reuvers, Gudrun E. Rohde, Anna L. Hurley-Wallace, Konstantinos Angoumis, Emily I. Holthuis, Lina H. Lankhorst, Catarina S. Padilla, Simone Hanebaum, Connor J. Tyler, Katherine J. Hunt, Kirsty Way, Richard Wagland, Thomas J. Cartledge, Thom Legendal, Silvie H. M. Janssen, Anne-Sophie Darlington

Publication

Journal: Psycho-Oncology
Volume: 34
Issue: 9
Pages: -
Year: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.70285

Further Study Information

Current Stage: Completed
Date:
Funding source(s): Funding for this research was EU Horizon Europe (HORIZON-HLTH-2021-CARE-05 grant no. 101057482 and by Innovate UK (UK Research and Innovation) grants 10038931, 10039273, 10041045, and 1004418 under the UK government's Horizon Europe funding guarantee. The funders had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the paper for publication


Health Area

Disease Category: Cancer

Disease Name: adolescent health, Cancer

Target Population

Age Range: 13 - 40

Sex: Either

Nature of Intervention: Any

Stakeholders Involved

Study Type

- Patient perspectives

Method(s)

- Systematic review